Greater hardness. Dipl. 6�����L�q�5��:@#�|g��Yt����/�k�!1H�c�G4�G#����q��uaFY� Ԭɫ+�k����7�r���#`�k�i�-ۡ>A�)� �31X-�t{�v�Ҋ�r��ꓖ�ѐ�%�q��lm�^|��*a��>�o�|�tG���J/7�v=c�!X(�pG����d I��I��l 1�v*fy���!�:�]���nt��p���)f��[v�nWf��X6,�rN�;۩�RۣU&��ٞ�H���6�ؗ%���?�ڊ@��LGcb��;�ag��(F|J�֕+"� ����*_�y���Ώ���-�6}G�m��o�Jt��zǮb��5;e������ۼ���TL2�b���X����LC�B�?�����%��3����?�g�$B�b���%����D}�'�܍��"�`q��o�?�MRں�W;O{��������g���� �`��7l����z���+b�v���f�}���b�I:��:��Ͱ�ZR��>�(��������Y?ړ��p.X��r�d�9'�B�Q��B�H���^G:�2��ѣo$sG$r����_��#�(�u&q���� F��� )������ݸ��-�v��~g��5�7j�c0O��!f���݈c�+ y&�zc� �o�U����3� ]S[���V�*δ2�怰,��� \�K�� It is recognised that an inferior base course or sub-base layer may lead to the failure of a road pavement. <>>> Hence it can be used in the base course and sub-base course in road co nstruction. On the Road to Stability. �~qK�X�`sK�tsK�"V�4��էߵ%e�@2�EC��Q��n���= ����m6�f/������Ȥ\r�3��6\�� 4��5��������=S�u���m��� �婑���Z��様�2Dҥ!�g��͊(���ƍkp �H�[�G�iVz��@��~�Ûp�U�:mLX�芔�� ɰ-[t�C��3>n�� Although the construction industry does use some slag as an aggregate, most is simply discarded. At the moment, most steel slag is being used as unbound aggregate for ashphalt concrete pavement in many countries. It is also used in ready-mixed concrete, concrete products, asphaltic concrete, road bases and surfaces, fill, clinker raw material, railroad ballast, roofing, mineral wool (for use as insulation) and soil conditioner. Slag is a byproduct of metal smelting, and hundreds of tons of it are produced every year all over the world in the process of refining metals and making alloys.Like other industrial byproducts, slag actually has many uses, and rarely goes to waste. Steel slag waste material for the construction of road. It is also successfully used as an aggregate for concrete. Air-cooled iron slag and steel slag are used primarily as aggregates in concrete (air-cooled iron slag only); asphaltic paving, fill, and road bases; both slag types also can be used as a feed for cement kilns. Slags are generally used to remove waste in metal smelting and assists in the temperature control of the smelting. Use of this product in the road … From: Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Cementitious Construction Materials, 2018 All slag is crushed, screened and graded to specific sizes. The utilization of waste materials, such as coal ash, copper slag, steel slag, jarofix, zinc slag, etc. Materials: CBR of 15%; Passing through 425 micron IS sieve; L.L<25 and P.I<6; Waste material such as Fly ash, Iron and steel slag Recycled concrete Municipal waste are also used. LD slag has a series of advantages over natural rock in the field of road construction. Each type of slag has its own characteristics such as the use of ground granulated BF iron slag, as an addition to the Portland cement. Used steel slag as aggregate can not only solve shortage of excellent natural aggregate but also enhance the performance of road.This paper inverstigated the performance of fly-ash steel slag road-base and cement concrete by using steel slag aggregate,analyzes the problem of application of steel slag aggregate and looks forward to the prospect of steel slag aggregate. Furthermore, BOF slag and EAF slag are used in asphaltic mixes and road-base layers. Steel furnace slag sales in 2006 were for use in road bases and surfaces (51%), asphaltic concrete (12%), for fill (18%), and the balance for other uses. The test road has shown excellent performance after 3 years’ service with abrasion and friction coefficient of 55 BPN and surface texture depth of 0.8 mm design. There was extensive use in 1980's and by the 1990's there was in excess of 488,000 tonnes consumed in a variety of applications. Pasetto and Baldo (2012a, 2012b) used EAF slag in SMA. In either case the iron contamination of the slag is separated and sold for re-melting. Slag is one of the active components in the metallurgical processes that give steel the desired for properties. Aggregatc used in PAM should be well graded stone, sand, gravel, or slag with a maximum size of 1 inch. Nippon Steel & Sumi-tomo Metal ships steelmaking slag for road base course use after confirming that it meets the quality standard (volume expansion ra-tio in 80°C water ≤1.5%) by the test method according to JIS A 5015.4) 3.3 Alkalinity Because of the CaO content, water leaching from steelmaking Used steel slag as aggregate can not only solve shortage of excellent natural aggregate but also enhance the performance of road.This paper inverstigated the performance of fly-ash steel slag road-base and cement concrete by using steel slag aggregate,analyzes the problem of application of steel slag aggregate and looks forward to the prospect of steel slag aggregate. 3 0 obj PAM contains approximately 85 percent aggregate, 3 to 4 percent lime, and 12 percent flyash. The practical application of the LF slag differs from the … Steel slag SMA has high temperature stability. 18. 1 0 obj This paper presents an effective way of utilizing the steel slag aggregate (SSA), which is a byproduct of the steel manufacturing process, in road construction. Steel furnace slag (SFS) aggregate is a by-product of the steel making process. Mainly as a granular road base or as an aggregate in construction applications, steel slag aggregate (SSA) has been successfully used in the Middle East under hot weather conditions . option for this byproduct is by recycling. endobj The use of steel slag also provides economies of scale when used in the road construction process, addressing India’s growing infrastructure needs Steel slag can be used as a soil neutralizer for highly acidic soils in areas such as Eastern India; it’s use as a fertilizer has also been well-established F��u$9�,�Fu8چu��qa�����:pd��v+��h֖��Ƅؕ�K#ⴒ�U�Y�0�e��^Va�kz܏J=�n���{��+P���e�� ��W�������O ��NrYOb�� Setting the foundation for that change, Iowa DNR issued a memo in 2006 stating steel slag could be used in several ways, including as an alternative to gravel, without the agency's approval. History of Slag Usage Blast Furnace Slag has been used in Canada as a road and plant base material since the early 1900's. Such construction leads to averting any outflows and inflows of … today, approximately 8 million tons of steel slag is used annually in the United States. This is the result of its mineral composition. What is Slag? Process metallurgy. Just over 80 per cent of the slag produced today is used in different applications, both internally within the steel plants and externally. The research focused on the use of different types of slag in road construction in Ukraine. They also offer significant environmental benefits such as the reuse or recycling of material and the avoidance of the need to quarry natural aggregates. the primary ap-plications for steel slag in the United States are as a granular base or as an aggregate material in … Expansion inhibition of steel slag in asphalt mixture by a surface water isolation structure. A small amount of BF slag gets air cooled. Mechanical performance of cement-stabilised soil containing recycled glass as road base layer. The subbase of this road was constructed from steel slag. • Since slag is fails in abrasion test it can’t be used in the surface course. Essentially it is a mixture of oxides, silicates and aluminates. Mainly as a granular road base or as an aggregate in construction applications, steel slag aggregate (SSA) has been successfully used in the Middle East under hot weather conditions [ 24 ]. Ground steel slag has been used in several different cementing systems. by Anup Oommen. For RefWorks, EndNote, ProCite, Reference Manager, Zoteo, and many others. C. Levy Co. reclaims this as a cost-effective and durable aggregate for road building. This paper presents an effective way of utilizing the steel slag aggregate (SSA), which is a byproduct of the steel manufacturing process, in road construction. CONTI. The iron and steel slag used as aggregates for asphalt roads are iron and steel by-products. . You are being redirected because this document is part of your ASTM Compass® subscription. [ԧ� 6�83BJ��&�D\�Y�()�Ǯ�9 �A������q~w*��k$�p)��/�1[MnF ��:����K� b���:�_�s�;�:��+Nhr)����t�Y�ML^�|��:��^�B�f��i�<<5��_NR��4��M��Z� �5h����|pHi�a���tf�aj���e:�R��a�a����y��_ͮ���c=b�i�b7���6Zp�~� z>�2t����E}L�y� �?���8��S'c1��*TOuw���.qrFz����H�3]A�,3"�]�L�p�R�bȪ5];�h���e��Q�;��'%�9�c(�ʶv�HH�,���A�P�1�Cc#|�+�Tjj�bD�p7>X6���J4bjg#��Q�����8�r�����o���ʪ�t�t�BX.1���}D�)�$1�%�(=Vq�Zu��{�ɑ螿+'nyUY\T���b�]L�p}���!�fo�$�Z ��G}�o��r���̐���̤���&Y�p �L�`��sY�>b��6� 9��. The use of steel slag in these cementing systems results in some advantages over conventional cements. Characteristics and Uses of Steel Slag in Building Construction focuses predominantly on the utilization of ferrous slag (blast furnace and steel slag) in building construction.. ������o�@���qC���H��ιi�{J+�|�Y������)�ҷ\'Ѱ@�L���1��6kq���`�X��X�:����ZJ�t���� ]���S a���m�8��z e����u��4R����h�)�=E� f�k���]C���#Q DPM uses geo-grids, recycled tyres, steel slag to pave roads in Abu Dhabi Authority is using eco-friendly materials, including recycled concrete and asphalt-polymer mixes, to build roads sustainably ... extended road lifespans, and reduced carbon emissions. [�����4@1�"�l>�歊̞�H���zԩ�3S�|D,rʹa�w�=10�J��l|�G�.��a�Iq�+��h)Q'Mq����3��f�k�:�=�R��6'��������R�;�� \\ Applications were quite sporadic until the last century, when large quantities began to be used for a number of purposes. Advantages of LD slag in road construction. %PDF-1.5 Abu Dhabi is sustainably paving roads [representational image]. Alternatively, some of these materials can be utilized in recycling processes, manufacturing of new products, or as construction materials. Steel Slag was originally used in the 1970's and and consisted of premium surface course HMA. C. Levy Co. reclaims this as a cost-effective and durable aggregate for road building. Steel slag was cut off by construction of the drainage layer under the subbase to prevent capillary actions. "Ontario's Experience with Reclaimed Materials for Use as Aggregates," Proceedings, International Road Federation/ Transportation Association of Canada Conference, Volume 6, Calgary, Alberta, July 1994. Steel slag also has numerous applications, such as an efficient non-slip choice for asphalt pavement where friction is desirable. It also contains phosphorous, calcium, ash, remnants of flux materials such as limestone, and remainders of chemical reactions between the metal and the furnace lining. Slag is a sustainable product that can be recycled and reused multiple times. The E4 highway south of Nyköping in Sweden incorporates a base course of blast furnace slag. application of slag is possible in different road layers. ����w��*��e�k�I��d4r����X v���ृ7?�������=F�ߝI��H��=��/��6�L���sc����/1�|g�}:ͅE��[}��X�I�X�i)J��9�C.�](磀'$�eg��J�*���vj�ŷ��+T`Y� ! Function of sub-base is to distribute the stresses over a wide area of the subgrade imposed by the traffic. Products and Services / Standards & Publications / Journals / Journal of Testing and Evaluation, (Received 15 July 2004; accepted 8 August 2005), Permissions to reprint documents can be acquired throughCopyright Clearance Center   Approximately 15 to 40% of the 10–15 million metric tons of steel slag generated in the United States in 2006 was not utilized [ 23 ]. Steel furnace slag is a co-product of the steel making process and Edw. stream It also minimizes any re-oxidation of the final liquid metal product before the molten metal is removed from the furnace and used to make solid metal. DPM uses geo-grids, recycled tyres, steel slag to pave roads in Abu Dhabi Authority is using eco-friendly materials, including recycled concrete and asphalt-polymer mixes, to build roads sustainably CW Archives. 09 Oct 2019. Testing results indicated that SSA is an environmentally safe product and has physical and chemical properties that make it an excellent candidate for road base construction. The chemical properties of the aggregates vary depending on the furnace, feed stock and slag formers used to produce the steel. Common components of slag include the oxides of silicon, aluminum, and magnesium, as well as sulfur, which is always present. Duraberm, which is made from steel furnace slag, is a strong and sustainable material that holds up under heavy truck traffic, provides long service life, and helps control project cost. Steel slag is a by-product of the steel industry and can be used potentially as aggregate in asphalt mixture. It appears in concrete, aggregate road materials, as ballast, and is sometimes used as a component of phosphate fertilizer. Like other metallurgical slags, steel slags exhibit a great potential to be used as aggregate in highway construction. Steel slag as aggregate has many well-known applications in road construction such as, hot mix asphalt, cement concrete mix, antiskid-layer, granular-base and subbase layers. In other words, aggregates are used as a stable foundation or road/rail base with predictable, ... and steel furnace slag sold or used in the U.S. was 8.7 million tonnes valued at $40 million. !���Ҥ)*#F����?j�"]�o��;p�����/����Е �l��cx�x�B@S�Jز�@��V�^1>2��H"/��7�i�4�_ ����=��#������4�A+�[�?�p�}O ]��Y�K��-ѓVx�?�-N���}�����`_X���h�����찏�}b��Y9�ef�^�^�7�#�k�B�̊9>;������ ��� u�[f���s���dRƥ Granulated blast furnace slag sales in 2006 were for use in cementitious materials (94%), and the balance for other uses. The same source specifies the presence of slag in base courses: the use of slag is the biggest in , somewhat lower in cement-stabilized layers and in asphalt mixtures. Such slag is a valuable raw material for preparation of macadam materials and mineral binders serving as a base for asphalt concrete mixtures and manufacturing of cement emulsions, which are widely used in road paving. <> The aggregate formed from the slag is comprised of calcium oxide (CaO), silicon oxide (SiO 2), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 %����